1. Learn the basics of 3D and 4D ultrasound in the assessment of the fetal heart.
2. Learn a protocol for assessing the fetal heart using 3D and 4D ultrasound.
3. Learn the appearances of a number of cardiac abnormalities using 3D and 4D ultrasound.
Detailed examination of the fetal heart should be a part of any second trimester ultrasound assessment of fetal anatomy. 3D ultrasound, with its ability to image a structure in any plane, has made assessment of the fetal heart easier than with standard 2D ultrasound.
4D ultrasound, with it’s ability to continuously image a moving structure and to store this information in a form that can be manipulated at a later date, has become one of the newest and most exciting developments in ultrasound. With 4D ultrasound one can now study functional abnormalities of the heart as well as anatomical abnormalities.
In this pictorial review we demonstrate the usefulness of 3D and 4d ultrasound in the assessment of the fetal heart. A protocol for the assessment of the fetal heart using 3D and 4D ultrasound will be presented.
Both normal and abnormal cardiac anatomy will be presented.
Mernagh, J,
Mohide, P,
3D and 4D Ultrasound Examination of the Fetal Heart. Radiological Society of North America 2005 Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting, November 27 - December 2, 2005 ,Chicago IL.
http://archive.rsna.org/2005/4415491.html
