Doppler US is the first line imaging modality for the evaluation of the vascular system. Various pathological processes affect vasculature and result in the characteristic appearance of the waveforms allowing to recognize the abnormality and correctly diagnose the disease process independent of its location. 1. Review normal appearance of the arterial and venous waveforms and underlying physiology 2. Discuss pathophysiology and waveform appearance of various pathological conditions affecting the vascular system 3. Discuss treatment management options and post treatment restoration of waveform pattern.

Outline: 1. Review normal arterial and venous waveform appearance on US and its physiology (dependance of waveform appearance on the cardiac cycle, principles of Doppler physics and Doppler technique of waveform acquisition) 2. Discuss correlation between the vascular process pathophysiology and waveform appearance (waveform pattern in the following conditions: stenosis (pre, at, and post stenosis, compensatory flow), thrombosis (proximal to occlusion, flow reversal), reconstitution (collateral waveform pattern), pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula, dissection, vascular torsion, neovascularity 3. Discuss management options (stent, angioplasty, bypass graft) and post-treatment waveform appearance (flow restoration).