1. To discuss the risk and prevention of air embolus during endovascular procedures.
2. Review the physiological effects of venous and arterial air embolism.
3. Outline the initial and advanced management of air embolism.
1. Review the estimated incidence of air embolus and identify high-risk procedures in interventional radiology.
2. Discuss imaging findings and clinical presentation following air embolus, including the hemodynamic effects such as elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and resultant right heart failure.
3. Important steps to reduce the risk of air embolus
4. Outline management techniques including supportive therapy, positioning, aspiration and hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT).
McCarthy, C,
Ghasemi-rad, M,
Leslie-Mazwi, T,
Oklu, R,
Prevention and Management of Air Embolism during Vascular Interventional Procedures—Everything you Wanted to Know, but Were Afraid to Ask. Radiological Society of North America 2014 Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting, - ,Chicago IL.
http://archive.rsna.org/2014/14011559.html