(1) Review the common etiologies of cerebral microhemorrhages with recent imaging examples of each entity. An emphasis will be placed on distinguishing these entities based on location and pattern of hemorrhage as well as clinical presentation and patient demographics.
(2) Briefly review T2* GRE and SWI techniques.
(3) Emphasize the utility of T2* and SWI for the detection and classification of cerebral microhemorrhages.
Comparison of conventional T2* GRE imaging with SWI:
- Brief overview of the sequences
- Comparison GRE and SWI for detection of microbleeds, integrated with clinical examples of the various etiologies of microhemorrhages (as outlined below) for which these sequences are particularly valuable
Review of cerebral microhemorrhage, including review of pathophysiology, patient demographics, and appearance/pattern on imaging. Etiologies to be reviewed include:
- Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)
- Hypertensive arteriopathy
- Hemorrhagic metastatic disease
- Sporadic and inherited developmental venous anomalies and cavernomas
- Radiation-induced vasculopathy and vascular lesions
- Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)
- Hemorrhagic infarct
- Diffuse axonal injury (DAI)
- Infection
- Vasculitis
Quinet, S,
Turski, P,
To Bleed or Not to Bleed: An Updated Review of the Causes and MR Appearance of Cerebral Microhemorrhages. Radiological Society of North America 2014 Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting, - ,Chicago IL.
http://archive.rsna.org/2014/14006880.html
