Mark M. Hammer MD, Presenter: Nothing to Disclose

Kareem Mawad MD, Abstract Co-Author: Nothing to Disclose

Fernando R. Gutierrez MD, Abstract Co-Author: Nothing to Disclose

Sanjeev Bhalla MD, Abstract Co-Author: Nothing to Disclose

1. Understand the physiology of valvular stenosis and regurgitation, especially as it applies to cardiac chamber size and myocardial remodeling over time. 2. Review the manifestations of the most common acquired cardiac valvular pathologies (specifically, aortic, mitral, and tricuspid disease) on the chest radiograph and on routine CT. 3. Review abnormalities of the valves themselves, such as calcification and vegetations, that can be seen on routine CT examinations and their significance.

1. Aortic valve     a. Stenosis          i. Calcification          ii. LV Hypertrophy     b. Regurgitation          i. LV Dilation          ii. Aortic ectasia 2. Mitral valve     a. Mitral regurgitation          i. LV Dilation          ii. LV infarct (secondary MR)          iii. LA Dilation          iv. Pulmonary edema, especially RUL in acute MR     b. Mitral stenosis          i. Calcification          ii. LA calcification (rheumatic heart disease)          iii. LA enlargement          iv. PA enlargement, pulmonary vascular redistribution, edema     c. Mitral valve annular calcification 3. Tricuspid valve     a. Tricuspid regurgitation         i. RA dilation         ii. RV dilation         iii. Dilated IVC and hepatic veins         iv. Dilated PA (secondary TR from right heart failure) 4. Vegetations     a. Visualization on routine CT     b. Septic emboli

http://abstract.rsna.org/uploads/2014/14002032/14002032_m31q.pdf

Hammer, M, Mawad, K, Gutierrez, F, Bhalla, S, Acquired Cardiac Valvular Disease: For the General Radiologist— Emphasis on Chest Radiograph and CT Findings.  Radiological Society of North America 2014 Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting, - ,Chicago IL. http://archive.rsna.org/2014/14002032.html