Orlando Augusto Micheli MD, Presenter: Nothing to Disclose

George Robert Matcuk MD, Abstract Co-Author: Nothing to Disclose

Christopher Joseph Gottsegen MD, Abstract Co-Author: Nothing to Disclose

Dakshesh Bhulabhai Patel MD, Abstract Co-Author: Nothing to Disclose

Eric Allan White MD, Abstract Co-Author: Nothing to Disclose

Fred A. Weaver MD, Abstract Co-Author: Nothing to Disclose

Edward G. Grant MD, Abstract Co-Author: Nothing to Disclose

Review the types, causes, symptoms, and diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) Discuss the anatomy of the thoracic outlet, highlighting the normal relationships of the structures that pass through it and those that form its boundaries Provide a step-by-step guide to ultrasound-guided injection of the anterior and scalene muscles

Illustrate the differentiating features of the neurogenic form of thoracic outlet syndrome from the arterial and venous forms Depict the normal and variant anatomy of the thoracic outlet with examples on CT, MRI, and US Detail systematic approach for injection of the anterior and middle scalene muscles with anesthetic or Botulinum toxin augmented with pictures, diagrams, and ultrasound images and cine-clips Describe outcomes, potential complications, and other treatment options

After viewing this educational exhibit, the radiologist will be able to: Understand the types, causes, and clinical presentation of thoracic outlet syndrome Evaluate imaging studies for normal and variant anatomy of the thoracic outlet Perform ultrasound-guided injection of the anterior and middle scalene muscles

Micheli, O, Matcuk, G, Gottsegen, C, Patel, D, White, E, Weaver, F, Grant, E, Ultrasound-guided Injection of the Anterior and Middle Scalene Muscles for Diagnosis and Symptomatic Relief of Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (NTOS): A Step-by-Step Guide and Review.  Radiological Society of North America 2011 Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting, November 26 - December 2, 2011 ,Chicago IL. http://archive.rsna.org/2011/11001815.html